Scaling and Root Planing
If plaque and tartar are left on the teeth, it provides the right conditions for bacteria to thrive. The bacteria then irritates your gums, which means that they can bleed more easily. This is the early stage of gum disease called gingivitis. If left untreated, gingivitis can develop into periodontitis, leaving deep pockets within the foundation of the teeth. Scaling and root planing, also referred to as an "SRP" or "deep clean", helps to prevent gum disease by scraping tartar and removing infected tooth material.
The Stages of Periodontal Disease
Gingivitis
This is the earliest stage of gum disease. It starts with red, puffy gums that may bleed when you brush or floss. At this stage, there’s no bone loss. As a result, gingivitis is totally reversible with proper treatment.
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Mild periodontitis
The bacteria have seeped beneath your gums, affecting the supporting bone. Your gums may pull away from your teeth, creating pockets around them. Plaque and bacteria like to hide in these pockets, where your toothbrush and floss can’t reach.
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Moderate periodontitis
Left untreated, bacteria begin to erode the ligaments, soft tissues and bone that hold your teeth in place. You may notice bad breath and pus (infection) around your gum line. Some people develop pain at this stage.
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Advanced periodontitis
As periodontal disease worsens, bone loss continues. This can cause your teeth to become loose and eventually fall out
The Procedure
Scaling
The dentist will use an ultrasonic scaling tool, focusing on the bottom parts of your tooth near the gum line. Since tartar does not easily detach from your teeth, the dentist will employ ultrasonic tools that use sonic vibrations to loosen the tartar. Using the same instrument, the dentist will dip the tool into the gum area to remove any plaque and bacteria hiding in the pockets of the gum tissue.
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Root Planing
It is a procedure done after scaling, which smoothens and soothes tooth roots. The goal of root planing is to remove cementum, toxins, tartar, and unwanted microorganisms that may be embedded in the tooth’s structure. Your dentist will smooth out the roots, ensuring that your gums can heal properly and reattach to the tooth after cleaning.